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Shopping
is the purchase of goods and services from retailers. Shopping is fun for some people.
Shopping is not considered a recreational activity of psychological interest. Shopping
involves selection and purchase.
Window shopping
An American/English phrase meaning to look into glass
windows of a shop for entertainment and imagine purchasing items without actually
purchasing, possibly just to pass the time between other activities, or planning
a purchase. "Screen shopping" is derived from this term but applies to online
retail stores (i.e., window shopping through a computer screen).
Retail Pricing
The pricing technique used by most retailers is cost-plus pricing. This involves
adding a markup amount (or percentage) to the retailers cost. Another common technique
is manufacturers suggested list pricing. This simply involves charging the amount
suggested by the manufacturer and usually printed on the product by the manufacturer.
In Western countries, retail prices are often so-called psychological prices or
odd prices: a little less than a round number, e.g. $ 6.95. In Chinese societies,
prices are generally either a round number or sometimes some lucky number. This
creates price points. Often prices are fixed and displayed on signs or labels. Alternatively,
there can be price discrimination for a variety of reasons. The retailer charges
higher prices to some customers and lower prices to others. For example, a customer
may have to pay more if the seller determines that he or she is willing to. The
retailer may conclude this due to the customer's wealth, carelessness, lack of knowledge,
or eagerness to buy. Price discrimination can lead to a bargaining situation often
called haggling — a negotiation about the price. Economists see this as determining
how the transaction's total surplus will be divided into consumer and producer surplus.
Neither party has a clear advantage, because the threat of no sale exists, whence
the surplus vanishes for both.
Kinds of Shops
Shops are divided into multiple categories of stores which sell a selected set of
goods or services. Many shops are part of a chain: a number of similar shops with
the same name selling the same products in different locations. The shops may be
owned by one company, or there may be a franchising company that has franchising
agreements with the shop owners (see also restaurant chain). Some shops sell second-hand
goods. Often the public can also sell goods to such shops. In other cases, especially
in the case of a nonprofit shop, the public donates goods to the shop to be sold
(see also thrift store). In give-away shops goods can be taken for free. In Antique
shops the public can find goods that are older and unique.
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